What Does Physical Neural Network Mean?

A physical neural network is a type of neural network in which the activity of individual artificial neurons is modeled, not by a software program, but by actual physical materials. These systems are based much more concretely on the biophysical processes of the human brain, and are a very specific and sophisticated type of neural network that is not extremely common in the tech world.

Techopedia Explains Physical Neural Network

Because it is so much easier to build a neural network on a software model, physical neural networks are rare. Some early experiments used electrochemical cells which were called memory resistors or “memristors” to emulate a neuron’s synapse.